Through this four months, it has been a struggle to learn the facts about construction industry by just listening to the theories during the lecture and tutorial session. Fortunately, thanks to Mr. Leong our lecturer for making the class interesting with his stories about his life experience in project management of construction industries. Stories like his friends manage to convince him that with just one certain action, he can demolish the KLCC Tower. Although he didn't reveal how to do it, this kinds of stories are totally out of the notes whereby it makes the lecture a whole lot better.
I also gain virtual knowledge about the type of construction ( residential, commercial/social, Heavy engineering and industrial), Site clearance, subsoil (hard rock, gravel, sand, clay), scaffolding, types of foundations, concrete frame building, walls , roofs, staircase , etc.
For this semester, we were given two assignment.
Learning Outcome
I
was able to understand and visualize the theory taught in class. The site visit
allowed me to have a hand on review and a clear understanding about
construction work including being able to question and absorb the logic behind
the machineries, construction techniques and methodology.
It
is also essential to learn the importance of a tidy and organized working
environment, as well as safety equipment. This project helped me to identify the issues
of urgent and importance, challenges face and strategies pursued by the
construction engineer and the project manager which in return will help us to
rethink our own conceptions of the reality.
It
also assisted me in gaining knowledge for the preparation of their future. I
was exposed to various construction methods at the site. ( Concrete work,
formwork, brickwork, foundations, etc. I now possess the ability to
differentiate the difference between types of foundation and the purpose of combining
of foundation in the construction site, how the bar bending machine function
and the function of building materials.
Assignment 1 = Site visit Analysis
For my group assignment we have chosen to survey a semi-detached house of one of our group members located in a residential area in Bukit Damansara. It is my best buddy Osman's house.
The house is made of normal construction and is founded on pad footings with a post beam slab superstructure with in filled walls of clay bricks and plaster finishers. The house consists of four split-levels with two levels rested on the ground and the other two levels suspended from the ground levels. The suspended floors both sit on a two-way slab structure made out of reinforced concrete casted on site. Finally, the roof of the house is of gable and shed structure covered over by clay roof tiles. The roof sits on various parts of the house protecting the house form rain and sun.
Some more photos of the site.
For my part , I did the recommendation for other choices to replace the roofs, floor slabs and foundations used in this house. The roof of this house is gable roof, thus I recommend it to be change into mansard roof or flat roof.
The Flat
roof is the most economical roof to build, but it adds little to the design
of most houses. It requires a “built-up” or membrane roof covering. An example
of a popular form of flat roof is the Single-Ply Flat Roof. It uses
waterproof membrane to cover the entire roof, with overlaps being sealed with
liquid adhesives. Although it is more expensive to install, but is generally
worth it as it has less problems with leaking.
Flat roof are also known as low sloped roofs, as there is normally a small slope to it to aid
in the water shedding process. Thus, this keeps the roof areas from pooling up
with water and prevents roof failure.
The Mansard
roof is a mark of the French design, with it’s popularization. The roof has
two different slopes on all four sides of the house. The lower slope is quite
steep almost vertical while the upper slope is very low sloped.
Gable Roof
|
Mansard Roof
|
Flat Roof
|
||||||||||||
Advantages
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Disadvantages
|
|
|
|
Recommendation for replacing two way floor slab are flat slab and one-way slab.
Comparison were done to show the differences.
As a
recommendation, beamless slabs can be taken into account of. The comparison
between a flat slab and a flat plate is usually a matter of loading and span.
Flat plate is considered to be the better choice of the two because the
strength of the floor plate is governed by shear strength at the column
therefore able to lift more load.
Advantage and Disadvantage of using Flat slab.
Advantage and Disadvantage of using Flat slab.
Advantage
|
Disadvantage
|
Cheaper – simple formwork
|
Cannot withstand
large load
|
Shorten story height
|
|
Cost reductions
|
There is also the possibility of using one-way slab. One-way slab is a slab panel, bound on its two long sides by beams and on its short two sides by girders. The dead and live loads acting on the slab area maybe considered to be entirely supported in the short or transverse direction by the beams.
Factors
|
One-way Slab
|
Two-way slab
|
Load transfer to?
|
Transfer
to only 2 opposite support walls
|
Transfer
to all 4 support walls
|
Structural strength
|
In
the shortest direction
|
In
two direction
|
Deflection & bending
|
In two-way slab is reduced
to a great extent compared to one-way slab
|
|
Length/breadth of slabs
|
>
2
|
<2
|
Main reinforcement life span
|
Short span
|
Long
span
|
FOUNDATION
The researched site is actually using a pad foundation to withstand its
weight. The soil conditions at the site are considered of good quality which
was stated by the owner of the house which was also an engineer.
Recommendation = Strip foundation, pile foundation
Strip foundation
This is the most common type, used mainly on good soil condition and non-waterlogged
areas. The foundation is basically a strip of in situ concrete running
under all the loadbearing walls. Most buildings with just one floor are
constructed with this type of foundation. This foundation doesn’t need any
special design. It is also considered to be the cheapest.
Piled Foundation
This is considers to be the most expensive and the strongest
type of foundation which require specialist in engineering to handle.
It consists of number of piles connected by a rig of concrete ground beam. In
housing built from load bearing brickwork, a reinforced concrete beam bridges
the piles and directly supports the walls. It is used when the earth around the
property is not strong enough to support a conventional foundation in other
words for high rise building mostly.
Most skyscrapers are constructed with this foundation type, a waterlogged area
of high building ma also require it.
Assignment 2 - Site visit to Construction site.
Symphony Hills is a future urban residential development
located in Cyberjaya. This gated and guarded community is developed by UEM Land
Holdings in a joint partnership with Mesiniaga & Cisco Malaysia. Being the
first development to embrace the CIC concept (Connected Intelligent Community),
it symbolizes luxurious urban living within a contemporary resort and
recreational atmosphere.
Flagship Information
|
Property Details
|
Owner: CYBERVIEW SDN BHD
Contract Period: 7 months
Commencement Date: 23 September
2013
Completion Date: 22 March 2014
Contractor: BAYOU BRACING SDN BHD
Engineer: J.K BERSATU SDN BHD
Civil & Structure Engineer : SEPAKAT SETIA
PERUNDING SDN BHD
|
Name: Symphony Hills
Address: Persiaran Symphony,
Cyber9, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor.
Developer: Symphony Hills Sdn.
Bhd. ( a subsidiary of UEM Land Holdings and joint with Mesiniaga and Cisco
Malaysia.
Type of Houses: Terrace,
Semi-Detached & Townhouse
Tenure: Freehold
|
Throughout exploring the
work progress of the site being built, we and the host exchanged question and
answer to gain valuable information regarding the visit especially on the
operation of the project. I was exposed to various construction methods which I
was able to see real life formwork, types of foundation, brickworks, concrete
works, etc; most of which were once just notes or picture shown visualize
during the lecture.
Bar bending machine
Bar Cutting Machine
We were also shown the bar
bending machine and learn how it functions. After the used of the measuring
tape, the workers put a set of reinforcement bars on to the bar bending machine
was it bends the bar two times. First it bends 90 degree then another 90 degree
at another corner; changing it into that of a U-shape bar.
However before the bar is bend, it is first cut into
lengths that it’s required by the workers using the bar cutting machine. In
this process, the measuring tape is used to measure and the worker use a small
wood to make a mark for the length required by nailing it down on the platform.
Once the steel bars are in place, the worker is slowly turns the machine handle
clockwise until the steel bars are cut.
BRC offer a prefabricated solution tailored to suit
individual needs. Whether it is to speed construction or solve skill shortages,
BRC can provide the answer. For this picture, the BRC is used as a bar mat.
Heavy bars are converted to mats for faster construction cycles.
No comments:
Post a Comment